With a bootable Ubuntu USB stick, you can:
Creating a bootable USB stick is very simple, especially if youâre going to use the USB stick with a generic Windows or Linux PC. Weâre going to cover the process in the next few steps.
Apple hardware considerations
Build a TensorFlow pip package from source and install it on Ubuntu Linux and macOS. While the instructions might work for other systems, it is only tested and supported for Ubuntu and macOS. Note: We already provide well-tested, pre-built TensorFlow packages for Linux and macOS systems. Setup for Linux and macOS. Linux Windows How to get it. Get binaries for Windows, macOS and Linux on releases' page. Windows installers (64-bit and 32-bit) are compatible with all x86 based Windows OS starting with Windows 7. If for whatever reason somebody would prefer not to run installer all files can be extracted using innoextract.
There are a few additional considerations when booting the USB stick on Apple hardware. This is because Appleâs âStartup Managerâ, summoned by holding the Option/alt (â¥) key when booting, wonât detect the USB stick without a specific partition table and layout. Weâll cover this in a later step.
Go Build For Linux On Macos
Desktop support allows you to compile Flutter source codeto a native macOS or Linux desktop app. Flutterâs desktopsupport also extends to pluginsâyou can install existing plugins that support the macOS or Linux platforms,or you can create your own.
Warning:Work in progress! This page covers desktop support for macOS and Linux, which are available as alpha-quality features in the Flutter dev channel. Windows platform support is still under development.
These platforms still have notable feature gaps, including accessibility support. We strongly recommend that you examine the Desktop shells page in the Flutter wiki to understand known limitations and ongoing work.
Note: To compile a macOS desktop app, you must build the app on a Mac. To compile a Linux desktop app, you must build the app on Linux. If you experience a problem that hasnât yet been reported, please file an issue and include âdesktop:macosâ or âdesktop:linuxâ in the title.
Requirements
To create a Flutter app with desktop support, you need thefollowing software:
For macOS desktop development,you need the following in addition to the Flutter SDK:
Linux Build For Macos 7
For Linux desktop development,you need the following in addition to the Flutter SDK:
Linux installation varies by distro, buton Ubuntu you might use the following command:
Create a new project
You can use the following stepsto create a new project with desktop support.
Set up
At the command line, perform the following commands tomake sure that you have the latest desktop support and thatitâs enabled. If you see âflutter: command not foundâ,then make sure that you have installed theFlutter SDK and that itâs in your path.
Where __ is either `macos` or `linux`:
To ensure that desktop is installed,list the devices available.You should see something like the following(youâll see either macOS or Linux, not both):
You might also run
flutter doctor to see if there areany unresolved issues. It should look something likethe following on macOS:
On Linux, you might see something like the following:
If
flutter doctor finds problems for a platform you donâtsupport, you can ignore those warnings. You donât haveto install Android Studio and the Android SDK,for example, if youâre writing a Linux desktop app.
After enabling desktop support, restart your IDE.You should now see macOS (desktop) or linux (desktop) in the device pulldown.
Note: You only need to execute
flutter config --enable-<platform>-desktop once. You can always check the status of your configuration using the no-argument flutter config command.
Create and run
Creating a new project with desktop support is no differentthan creating a new Flutter project for other platforms.
Once youâve configured your environment for desktopsupport, you can create and run a desktop app eitherin the IDE or from the command line.
IDE
After youâve configured your environment to supportdesktop, make sure you restart the IDE if it wasalready running.
Create a new app in your IDE and it automaticallycreates iOS, Android, and desktop versions of your app.(And web, too, if youâve enabled web support.)From the device pulldown, select macOS (desktop)or linux (desktop) and run your app to see itlaunch on the desktop.
Command line
To create a new app that includes desktop support(in addition to mobile support), run the following commands,substituting
myapp with the name of your project:
To launch your app from the command line,enter one of the following from the topof the package:
Note: If there arenât any other connected devices, the
-d <platform> tag is optional.
Build a release app
To generate a release build run one of the following commands:
In general, we donât recommend releasing a desktop app untildesktop support is stable.However, if youâre interested in learning how to publisha Linux app to the Snap Store, seeBuild and release a Linux desktop app.
Add desktop support to an existing app
To add desktop support to an existing project,run the following command in a terminal from theroot project directory:
This adds the necessary files and directories to yourFlutter project.
macOS-specific support
The following information applies only to macOS development.
Entitlements and the App SandboxLinux Build For Macos Windows 7
macOS builds are configured by default to be signed,and sandboxed with App Sandbox.This means that if you want to confer specificcapabilities or services on your macOS app,such as the following:
Then you must set up specific entitlements in Xcode.The following section tells you how to do this.
Setting up entitlements
Managing sandbox settings is done in the
macos/Runner/*.entitlements files. When editingthese files, you shouldnât remove the originalRunner-DebugProfile.entitlements exceptions(that support incoming network connections and JIT),as theyâre necessary for the debug and profile modes to function correctly.
If youâre used to managing entitlement files throughthe Xcode capabilities UI, be aware that the capabilitieseditor updates only one of the two files or,in some cases, it creates a whole new entitlementsfile and switches the project to use it for all configurations.Either scenario causes issues. We recommend that youedit the files directly. Unless you have a very specificreason, you should always make identical changes to both files.
If you keep the App Sandbox enabled (which is required if youplan to distribute your app in the App Store), you need to manageentitlements for your application when you add certain pluginsor other native functionality. For instance, using the
file_chooser plugin requires adding either thecom.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-only orcom.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-write entitlement.Another common entitlement is com.apple.security.network.client ,which you must add if you make any network requests.
Important: The
com.apple.security.network.server entitlement, which allows incoming network connections, is enabled by default only for debug and profile builds to enable communications between Flutter tools and a running app. If you need to allow incoming network requests in your application, you must add the com.apple.security.network.server entitlement to Runner-Release.entitlements as well, otherwise your app will work correctly for debug or profile testing, but will fail with release builds.
For more information on these topics,see App Sandbox and Entitlementson the Apple Developer site.
Hardened runtime
If you choose to distribute your application outsideof the App Store, you need to notarize your applicationfor compatibility with macOS 10.15+.This requires enabling the Hardened Runtime option.Once you have enabled it, you need a valid signingcertificate in order to build.
By default, the entitlements file allows JIT for debug builds but,as with App Sandbox, you may need to manage other entitlements.If you have both App Sandbox and Hardened Runtime enabled,you may need to add multiple entitlements for the same resource.For instance, microphone access would require both
com.apple.security.device.audio-input (for Hardened Runtime)and com.apple.security.device.microphone (for App Sandbox).
For more information on this topic,see Hardened Runtime on the Apple Developer site.
Plugin support
Flutter on the desktop supports using and creating plugins.
To use a plugin that supports desktop,follow the steps for plugins in using packages.Flutter automatically adds the necessary native codeto your project, as with iOS or Android.
We recommend the following plugins, which have beenupdated to work for macOS and Linux desktop apps:
Use the following links to find all packages on pub.devthat support desktop apps. These links lists all packages,not just plugin packages. (Remember that plugin packages,or plugins, provide an interface to platform-specific services.)
Creating a plugin
Federated plugins are a recent addition toFlutterâs plugin support. They allow you toseparate functionality for different platformsinto different packages; so the Androidimplementation can be in one package,and the macOS implementation in another.Desktop plugins are perfectly suitedto be implemented as part of a federatedplugin. For more information, seethe following resources:
Linux Build For Macos 10
Samples and codelabs
You can run the following samples as desktop apps,as well as download and inspect the source code tolearn more about Flutter desktop support.
Whatâs nextLinux Build For Macos Windows 10
Stay tuned for updates on desktop support!We continue to develop support for macOS,Windows, and Linux.
Linux Build For Macos Pc
Watch the Desktop shells page on the Flutter wikifor more information and ongoing updates.
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